Rohmanika^1,2, Wawaimuli Arozal², Melva Louisa², Anggi Gayatri², Aria Kekalih³, Jefman Efendi Marzuki HY⁵, Erniawati Lestari⁴ , Diah Setia Utami⁴¹Clinical Pharmacology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia, ²Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia,³Departemen of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia, ⁴National Narcotics Control Board of Indonesia, Jakarta, 13630, Indonesia, ⁵Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, 60293, Indonesia

Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) is a heavily-abused substance worldwide, indicating a serious and growing public health issue in a variety of countries. ^1-2 The present study aimed to investigate the association between methamphetamine use patterns and psychiatric symptoms in patients upon admission at The National Rehabilitation Center, Lido Bogor.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of MA abusers during the period January 2016 – December 2018 at The National Rehabilitation Center, Lido, Bogor. The study was done by assessing medical records with inclusion criteria were MA abusers at the 18 years and above. Assessment of psychiatric symptoms was evaluated using Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 22.0 were used to process the data.

Results: The inclusion criteria were met by 1842 MA abusers. We found that 770 (41.8%) of MA abusers were assessed with psychiatric symptoms according to ASI. Depression was the most prevalent psychiatric symptom (31.9%), followed by anxiety (24.5%), and psychosis (8.9%). The results of this study  are in line with research conducted in China and Malaysia. ^3-4  According to the results of multivariate analysis, the demographic profile and mode of MA administration that associated with the psychiatric symptoms were: female [odds ratio (OR): 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–2.96, p<0.001], 5-year duration of use [OR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.43 (1.19–1.73), p<0.001], smoking as the route of administration [OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.08–1.56, p<0.001, p = 0.006], and concomitant use with other narcotics [OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.46–2.13, p<0.001].

Conclusion: Among MA abusers admitted to The National Rehabilitation Center, female, long duration of use, smoking as the route of administration, and concomitant use with other narcotics were the main factors associated with psychiatric symptoms. 

References :

1. (UNODC) UNO on D and C. Stimulants 2019. Word Drug Report – 2019 Stimulants. 2019. 90 p.
2. BNN RI. Jurnal Data Puslitdatin Tahun 2018. J Data Puslidatin. 2018;240
3. Ma J, Sun XJ, Wang RJ, Wang TY, Su MF, Liu MX, et al. Profile of psychiatric symptoms inmethamphetamine users in China: Greater risk of psychiatric symptoms with a longer duration of  use. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2018;262(October 2017):184–92.
4.  Sulaiman AH, Said MA, Habil MH, Rashid R, Siddiq A, Guan NC, et al. The risk and associated  factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine-dependent patients in Malaysia.  Compr Psychiatry [Internet]. 2014;55(SUPPL. 1):S89–94.